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by Electronic Means ? ??????? ???????? ?????? evidential value ? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ????? ? ???????? ??????? Digital
Signature ??????? ???????? ?????????? ? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? Cryptography
?????
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Recognition of Electronic Messages ? ??????? ????? ????? ?????????? ??????
?????????? ??????? ??????????? electronic money and electronic banking Payment systems ? ????? ??? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??????????? ? ????????
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?????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ????????? ??????????? Liability of on-line intermediaries ? ???????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???????? Certificate
authorities. ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????? Infrastructure
? ?????? ????????
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protection and law enforcement ??????? ??????? ??????? Intellectual property ?? ???? ???????? ???????????
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? ?? ???? ??????
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??????????? Contracting
by Electronic Means ? ??????? ???????? ?????? evidential value ? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ????? ? ???????? ??????? Digital
Signature ??????? ???????? ?????????? ? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? Cryptography
?????
???????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?? ????????
???????????? Legal
Recognition of Electronic Messages ? ??????? ????? ????? ?????????? ??????
?????????? ??????? ??????????? electronic money and electronic banking Payment systems ? ????? ??? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??????????? ? ????????
??????????? ? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????????? . ??????? ????????? ?????????
?????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ????????? ??????????? Liability of on-line intermediaries ? ???????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???????? Certificate
authorities. ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????? Infrastructure
? ?????? ????????
???????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???????? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????????? ?? ?????? ???????
??????? ???????? ? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???????
????????? ??????? . ??????? ????? ?????????
??????? ???????? Consumer
protection and law enforcement ??????? ??????? ??????? Intellectual property ?? ???? ???????? ???????????
??????? ??????? ??? ????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ? ??? ???? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????????? ?? ?????? ???????? ????????
????????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????????? ??????? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ??
?????? ????? ????? . ? ????? ??? ????????? IT Security ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???????
??????????? ?????? ???????? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ????????? ?????????. ??????? ????? ???????? Privacy ? ??????? Taxation ? ??????? ????????? Customs ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???
???? :- ? ?????? ???????? ????????
???????? Jurisdiction ???????? ?????? ??????? Applicable Law?
??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??????
???????? ? ??? ??? ??? ??? ? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ??????? ? ?? ????? ??????
???????? ???????? ?? ??? ? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ???
????? ?? ??? ????????? ?????? ??? ???????? ??? ??? ????? ?? ??? ????? ???????
??????? ??????? ??? ???? ????????? ? ?? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ???????? ????? ?
??????? ???????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ? ??????
????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????????
????????? ( ??????????? ????????? ) .
4- ??????? ?????? ???????
??????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???????
????? ?? ??????
??????? – ??? ?? ???
???? ?? ??????? ?????? ???????? - ???? ????????? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ? ??
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??????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???????
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??????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ?????? (???????
) ????? ?? ? ??? ?? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ????? ? ???? ??
??? ??????? ???? ??? ?????????? ??? ????? ?????????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ???????? ?? ?? ????
?? ??? ????? ??? ???????? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ??? ?????
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?? ??? ????? ? ???? ??????
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??? ????? ?????? ? ???? ?????? ??????? ? ???? ?????? ??????? ? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ????
??????? ? ??? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ?? ????
??????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? 1968 ???? ?????
??????? ???????? ???????? ? ??? ????? ???
????????? ????? ??? ??? 1988 ????? ??????? ?????? . ??? ???? ??? ????????? ????? ???
??????? ???? ???? 1980 ?????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ??? 1990 ? ??? ????? ?????
??????? ???????? .
?? ???????
???????? ???? ?????? ??? ????????
conventions???
????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? regulations ??? ????
???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? directives ???? ?
????? ??????? ????????? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ?? ??????? ???????? ? ?????? ?
??? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ???????? ?????? ? ??? ????? ???????
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??????? ??? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????
????? ???????? ? ??? ?????? ?? ??? 2000 ? ?? ??? ??????? ????????? ???????
???????? ?????? ? ??? ??????? ???? ????????? 13 ?14 ?? ????????? ? ???? ????
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???? ??????? ?? ?????? ( ?????? ) ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ???????? ? ?????
????? ?????? ????? ????? ???????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????????? ??? ???????? ?? ????? ???????? . ??? ??? ?? ????????
???????? ??? ???? ?????? ??
?????? 1998 ??????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?????????? ? ???? ?? ??????? ????????
???????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ???????
?????? ??? ??? ??????? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ???????? ? ???? ??
??? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ???????? ?????? ???? ???? ??????????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?????
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?? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?? ????
??? ???? ? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ????????? ?? ???? ???????? ? ???????
?? ????? ??????? ????? ???????? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ????????? ??????????
????? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?????? .
??? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ????
??????? ?????? ??????? ? ?????? ???? ??????? ?? 31 ????? ????? 2000 .
??? ????
??????? ??????? ??? ??? ???????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????
??????? ???? ????? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ? ??? ??????? ?????
????????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ??? ????? ????????
??? ?????? 12/4/? ??????? ???? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ????
????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ???????
?????? .??? ??????? ??????? ??? ???????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ????
???? ?????? . ???? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??????????? ???
????? ??? 1998 ????? ??????
????????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ???????? ????????? ???????? ????????
??????????? ( ??????? ??????? ??????????? ) ? ??? ????? ???????? ????????
????? ?????? ?? 18/11/1998 ? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????????? ????? ???? ?????
?????? ???????? ??? ???? ? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ? ?????? ??????? ??? ????
???????? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????
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???? .
??? ???
??????? ???????
??????????? ??? ?????? ?????? 3/1 ????? ?? ?????? ???????
?????? ?? ??????
?? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ? ??? ????? ????? ???
?? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ?????
???????? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ???????? ????? ??????? ?
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?????? ????????? ?????????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? . ???
??? ??????? ????? ???????? ??? ??????? ?????
???????? ?????? ?
????? ?????
??????? ??????? ??????
??????? ???? ???? ???????? ????? ?? ??? ?
( Distance-selling Directive ) ? ??? ?????? 12/2 ( ????? ??????
11/3 ?? ????? ??????? ???????
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?? ????? ????????? ? ????? ???? ??? ????????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????
?????
???? ?? ???
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??? ????? . ????????
????? ????? ???????? ( Website ) ?
??? ?????
?????? ???? ???????? ?? ????? ???????? ?????? ????? ( ???? ) ?? ?????
????? ???????? ?????? ??
?????? 5/5 ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ???????? ??????? ??????? 4/2 ?? ??????? ???? ????
??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????????? ????????? ? ????? ?? ????
???????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ( establishment of a
company ) ????? ?? ?????? ??
?????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ( Forum-shopping ) ?? ???? ??? ??????? ???????? ??? ?? ?????
????? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ???????? ? ???????? ???????? ???????
???????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ?????? .
???????? ???? ?????? ??
????? ????? ???? ???????
???????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???????
??????????? ?? ????? ????? ???????? ( consumer
protection) ??? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ???????? ?? ???
????? . ????? ???? ?? ?????? ???????? ??? ??? ?? ??????? ? ?? ????? ??
??????? ??????? ??????????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ? ?? ????
????????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?
???? ???? ??? ???? ??????
?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???????? ?????? ???? ?????? .
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